The American Cocker Spaniel evolved in the United States from spaniels imported from Great
Britain. By the 1930s the American variety had become so different from the English Cocker Spaniel that it was given separate breed
status.
American Cocker Spaniel Appearance
American Cocker Spaniels weigh 24 to 28 pounds (11 to 12.75 kg) and stand 15 inches (38 cm) maximum
height. They come in three major colour varieties: black, ASCOB (Any Solid colour Other than Black) and particular. The other solid colours are
chocolate, red, buff, and sable. Particular dogs are all of the above colours and white. Black and tan, chocolate and tan, and tricolor (white,
black and tan) are also common. Roan (black and white or red and white hairs intermingled) occurs rarely. Both black and brown sable colours with
or without white or tan markings are recognized in Canada, but are disqualified in the United States. The domed head, large dark expressive eyes,
short deep muzzle, and abrupt stop are characteristic breed points. The coat is flowing, long, silky, and abundant. The long, luxuriantly
feathered ears are a striking breed feature. Most Cockers bred for hunting tend to have shorter coats and longer muzzles than pet or show
Cockers, as the extremely long coat of show type dogs is very unfeasible for working, as it will get caught in the bush.
American Cocker Spaniel Temperament
Their temperament is typically joyful, trusting, and intelligent. The ideal Cocker temperament is
merry, outgoing, and eager to please everyone. They tend to be "softer" dogs who do not do well with rough or harsh training. The popularity of
the American Cocker Spaniel led to a considerable amount of irresponsible breeding in an attempt to keep up with the demand. They are all
different colours including black and white. The results have included fearful or aggressive behaviour in some of the dogs, submissive urination,
and resource guarding. Responsible breeders have worked diligently to eliminate these negative characteristics while trying to educate the public
regarding responsible breeding. Temperament of the American Cocker Spaniel should always be the primary concern when breeding these dogs. As with
all puppies, owners are advised to choose their breeder carefully.
American Cocker Spaniel Health
Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety of maladies, particularly infections affecting their
ears and, in some cases, their eyes. As a result, they may require more medical attention than some other breeds. Common eye problems in Cockers
include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), glaucoma, and cataracts. The American Spaniel Club recommends annual eye exams by a veterinary
ophthalmologist for all dogs used for breeding. Autoimmune problems in Cockers include autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and ear inflammations.
Less common are luxating patellas and hip dysplasia. Dogs used for breeding can be checked for both of these conditions, and dogs free of hip
dysplasia can be certified by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
American Cocker Spaniel History
The name cocker comes from the fact that the breed originally hunted woodcock. In the United States
the breed is registered under the name "Cocker Spaniel", as is the English Cocker Spaniel in the UK, which can cause confusion between these two
breeds. By the 1930s the American variety had become so different from its English ancestors that it was given separate breed status. Originally
a gun dog, the Cocker now fulfils the position of family pet or show dog most often and unlike the English Cocker, is rarely seen hunting. Some
American lines are still bred for fieldwork, and a small movement works to preserve the hunting abilities of the breed. He can be a faithful and
responsible children's companion. Cockers have been a highly popular American breed since the 1940s, occupying the top position in number of
American Kennel Club registrations from 1940-1952. The breed declined a bit in popularity and then resurged to number one in registrations from
1984-1990. Since then, the breed's popularity has declined. The Cocker Spaniel was 15th in AKC registrations for 2004, down from 14th in
2003.
